Bufonidae
True Toads
This group is large and very complicated. The family Bufonidae is composed of 34 genera with a worldwide distribution, except for Australia. In Australia, the only bufonid is the introduced Cane Toad (Bufo marinus), which has become a pest and danger to local wildlife, due to its voracious appetite, large size, high fecundity, and high toxicity (it has pronounced negative effects on native Australian snakes). This family includes the stereotypical “toad” with shortened forelimbs, hindlimbs used for walking or hopping, dry warty skin, and parotoid glands behind eyes. Development in this group is quite varied; there are species that lay eggs in water and produce aquatic larvae, terrestrial direct developers, and the only known viviparous species of frogs, Nectophrynoides and Nimbaphrynoides which give birth to fully developed young toadlets.
This group is large and very complicated. The family Bufonidae is composed of 34 genera with a worldwide distribution, except for Australia. In Australia, the only bufonid is the introduced Cane Toad (Bufo marinus), which has become a pest and danger to local wildlife, due to its voracious appetite, large size, high fecundity, and high toxicity (it has pronounced negative effects on native Australian snakes). This family includes the stereotypical “toad” with shortened forelimbs, hindlimbs used for walking or hopping, dry warty skin, and parotoid glands behind eyes. Development in this group is quite varied; there are species that lay eggs in water and produce aquatic larvae, terrestrial direct developers, and the only known viviparous species of frogs, Nectophrynoides and Nimbaphrynoides which give birth to fully developed young toadlets.
Adenomus (3 species)
Altiphrynoides (1 species)
Andinophryne (3 species)
Ansonia (26 species)
Atelopus (86 species)
Bufo (294 species)
Bufoides (1 species)
Capensibufo (2 species)
Churamiti (1 species)
Crepidophryne (3 species)
Dendrophryniscus (8 species)
Didynamipus (1 species)
Frostius (2 species)
Laurentophryne (1 species)
Leptophryne (2 species)
Melanophryniscus (25 species)
Mertensophryne (1 species)
Metaphryniscus (1 species)
Nectophrynoides (13 species)
Nimbaphrynoides (2 species)
Oreophrynella (9 species)
Osornophryne (7 species)
Parapelophryne (1 species)
Pedostibes (5 species)
Pelophryne (11 species)
Pseudobufo (1 species)
Rhamphophryne (10 species)
Sabahphrynus (1 species)
Schismaderma (1 species)
Spinophrynoides (1 species)
Stephopaedes (4 species)
Truebella (2 species)
Werneria (6 species)
Wolterstorffina (3 species)
Altiphrynoides (1 species)
Andinophryne (3 species)
Ansonia (26 species)
Atelopus (86 species)
Bufo (294 species)
Bufoides (1 species)
Capensibufo (2 species)
Churamiti (1 species)
Crepidophryne (3 species)
Dendrophryniscus (8 species)
Didynamipus (1 species)
Frostius (2 species)
Laurentophryne (1 species)
Leptophryne (2 species)
Melanophryniscus (25 species)
Mertensophryne (1 species)
Metaphryniscus (1 species)
Nectophrynoides (13 species)
Nimbaphrynoides (2 species)
Oreophrynella (9 species)
Osornophryne (7 species)
Parapelophryne (1 species)
Pedostibes (5 species)
Pelophryne (11 species)
Pseudobufo (1 species)
Rhamphophryne (10 species)
Sabahphrynus (1 species)
Schismaderma (1 species)
Spinophrynoides (1 species)
Stephopaedes (4 species)
Truebella (2 species)
Werneria (6 species)
Wolterstorffina (3 species)
Examples of species
Atelopus pulcher, Bufo bufo, Oreophrynella niger
Atelopus pulcher, Bufo bufo, Oreophrynella niger